Agave (Agave americana)

Publié lundi 21 janvier 2013 Commenter 61
Agave

Sommaire

Agave : en bref

Nom scientifique
Agave americana
Provenance / Origine
Amérique centrale
Période de floraison
été
Couleur de floraison
blanc, jaune
Température
climats chauds
Exposition à la lumière
plein soleil
Composition du sol
sol bien drainé, assez sec
Hauteur
1-2 m
Acidité du sol
neutre
Entretien
couper au fur et à mesure les feuilles fannées à la base
Type biologique
vivace
Type de feuillage
persistantes

Classification de la plante

Règne
Plantae
Sous-règne
Tracheobionta
Division
Magnoliophyta
Classe
Liliopsida
Sous-classe
Liliidae
Ordre
Liliales
Famille
Agavaceae

L’agave, une plante surprenante

L’agave est constituée d’une énorme rosette. Les feuilles vertes sont charnues et très épaisses, elles servent de réserve d’eau comme pour toutes les plantes grasses. Leur nom vient du grec agai qui signifie blessure. En effet l’extrémité des feuilles est très pointue. Attention aux yeux ! Evitez pour cela de la planter dans un passage.

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L’inflorescence est elle aussi atypique : elle est portée par une très longue tige qui peut atteindre 8 à 10 mètres. Les épis floraux forment de petites clochettes dans lesquelles butinent souvent un bon nombre d’insectes. Cette inflorescence apparaît en faite environ au bout de 10 ans. Au terme de l’année où l’agave a fleuri, cette dernière meurt. Déjà au moment de sa floraison on peut voir les feuilles se dessécher peu à peu. Alors profitez-en au moment ou elle fleurit !

L’agave instaure un décore étonnant et même exubérant. Devant la démesure de ses grandes feuilles on se sent comme rapetissé. Les fleurs sont très photogéniques et donnent du charme aux jardins méditerranéens, surtout quand elles se détachent sur le bleu de la mer ! Plantez A.americana « Variegata » pour ses feuilles plus claires bordées de jaune.

 

Cultiver l’agave

L’agave résiste bien à la sècheresse et aime la chaleur. Elle s’est donc très bien acclimatée sur tout le pourtour méditerranéen. Evitez de la planter pendant l’été, il lui faut tout de même de l’eau au moment de sa reprise. Si vous n’avez pas le choix, mettez dans le trou du feutre pour retenir un peu l’eau. La première année, couvrez le sol d’une bâche plastique en entonnoir pour éviter une trop grande évaporation de l’eau. L’agave croît lentement, elle est donc chère en pépinière. Pour éviter de les acheter vous pouvez demander à vos voisins des rejets qui poussent au pied de leur agave.

Dans les régions plus froides, la culture en pépinière est bien adaptée. A Paris vous pouvez aussi la laisser en terre en la protégeant d’un châssis et en la recouvrant de feuilles sèches.

Les usages de l’Agave

La sève a un effet anti-inflammatoire qui peut être utilisé en usage externe. Attention cependant aux réactions allergiques qu’elle peut provoquer.

La racine est utilisée pour ses propriétés nettoyantes, notamment pour laver le linge.

 

Autres articles sur les plantes grasses

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