Le Lierre (Hedera Helix)

Publié vendredi 21 mars 2014 Commenter 66
Lierre

Sommaire

Le Lierre : en bref

Nom scientifique
Hedera Helix
Provenance / Origine
eurasie
Période de semi
printemps
Période de floraison
automne
Couleur de floraison
blanc
Température
gamme large
Exposition à la lumière
soleil, mi-ombre, ombre
Composition du sol
tous types de sol, tolère le calcaire
Hauteur
2-20m
Entretien
tailler à l'automne
Type biologique
vivace
Type de feuillage
persistant
Insectes et animaux ravageurs
pucerons, cochenille, acariens

Classification de la plante

Règne
Plantae
Sous-règne
Tracheobionta
Division
Angiosperme
Classe
Dicotylédones
Sous-classe
Rosidae
Ordre
Apiales
Famille
Araliacées

Une plante grimpante rustique

Le lierre (Hedera helix) se retrouve dans tout l'hémisphère Nord. Très adaptable, il pousse sous des climats variés. Le lierre se reconnait à ses feuilles unilobées ou trilobées qui se terminent en pointe. Elles sont d'un vert sombre, nervé de vert plus clair. Cette plante de par sa rusticité ne nécessitera que peu d'entretien. De la famille des Araliacées, c'est une liane grimpante qui utilise des racines adventives sur ses rameaux comme crampons pour se fixer sur divers supports comme un arbre vivant ou mort ou une façade, un muret. Cette plante s'adapte à tous les types de sol et à toutes les expositions. Il n'est pas nécessaire de l'arroser à part en période de sécheresse.

Un cycle de vie décalé

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Vous pouvez planter un plant de lierre à tout moment de l'année mais si vous semez faites-le au printemps. Il est aussi très facile de réaliser des boutures de pousses terminales. Sa floraison a lieu en automne et la fructification au début du printemps, en décalage avec la plupart des autres végétaux. C'est une adaptation au paléoclimat de la dernière ère glaciaire qui a perduré. Les fleurs du lierre qui apparaissent donc vers le mois d'octobre, sont petites et blanches et poussent en grappes d'ombelles.

Un abri et un nourrisseur

Du fait de son cycle décalé, le lierre offre son nectar aux butineurs juste avant le début de l'hiver. pendant la saison froide, son feuillage est un refuge pour les oiseaux qui pourront aussi se nourrir des petites baies noires qui remplaceront les fleurs au début du printemps. Ces baies, toxiques pour l'homme sont appréciées des oiseaux. Le lierre n'est pas un parasite, ses racines adventives servent uniquement à la fixation, il ne pompe en aucun cas la sève de l'arbre support. Le seul danger est qu'il se développe sur les branches de l'arbre, concurrençant celui-ci pour capter les rayons du soleil ce qui peut alors affaiblir l'arbre support.

De nombreux services rendus par le lierre

Le lierre par sa capacité couvrante et sa compétitivité empêche le développement des mauvaises herbes. Sur un mur il jouera un rôle de protection vivante, protégeant le mur des agressions extérieures. Il est aussi isolant et dépolluant. Et le lierre en plus de sa fonction décorative, n'abîme en aucun cas le mur. On utilise aussi le lierre pour fabriquer des médicaments contre les inflammations respiratoires, notamment pour faire du sirop pour la toux.

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