Culture du citronnier en pot

Publié mardi 10 novembre 2015 Commenter 89
Citronnier en pot

Sommaire

Tout comme l’oranger ou le mandarinier, le citronnier est un arbre de la famille des rutacées, c'est-à-dire des agrumes. C’est une plante d’intérieur très appréciable par son feuillage dense et persistant, d’un vert brillant. Même s’il est moins sensible au froid que d’autres rutacées, dans beaucoup de régions, nos climats ne permettent pas sa culture en pleine terre : il faut assurer à votre arbre des températures idéalement toujours supérieures à -5°C.

Sol, eau et exposition

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Originaire des régions tropicales, le citronnier est un arbre qui supporte très bien la chaleur, et aime l’exposition directe aux rayons du soleil. Si vous choisissez de le planter dans un pot, veillez donc à lui apporter toujours la lumière dont il a besoin : l’été en le sortant dehors, et l’hiver en le mettant à l’intérieur, mais devant une source de lumière (véranda ou fenêtre). Les excès d’eau seront à bannir, et lorsqu’il est planté en extérieur, le sol doit être bien drainé. Quand il est planté en pot, ce problème se pose moins, du fait du caractère desséchant de la plupart des systèmes de chauffage.

Reproduction et fructification

Les citrons peuvent se récolter toute l’année pour beaucoup de variétés. Pour les variétés saisonnières, la fructification a lieu de novembre à mars.

Si vous trouvez dans un citron un pépin qui a germé, vous pouvez le planter dans un pot contentant du terreau et un peu d’engrais « Spécial Agrumes » éventuellement. Il vous donnera peut-être un bel arbre au bout de quelques années. Cependant, il est rare de récolter des citrons sur des arbres obtenus ainsi, du fait des traitements subis par les variétés dont les fruits sont vendus dans le commerce. Préférez donc l’achat d’un plant dans une jardinerie : ce sont généralement des plants greffés, et qui ont acquis par la greffe des capacités de résistance à certaines maladies et à certains parasites. Les variétés qui ont été greffées sont généralement plus résistantes au froid.

Tailler votre citronnier

Pour donner une jolie forme et un port plus compact à votre citronnier, n’hésitez pas à le tailler dès qu’il a atteint cinquante centimètres de haut, et ce quatre à cinq fois par an : cela favorisera la ramification des branches notamment. Lorsque la forme de votre arbre sera déterminée, une taille par an suffira à son entretien.

Une fois les précautions d’exposition, de température, d’arrosage et de taille prise, le citronnier vous offrira une belle décoration d’intérieur par sa ramure nette et lustrée, et peut-être de beaux fruits…

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