Cardons (Cynara cardunculus)

Publié jeudi 29 mai 2014 Commenter 67
Cardons

Sommaire

Cardons : en bref

Nom scientifique
Cynara cardunculus
Provenance / Origine
Europe (Asie et Afrique du Nord)
Période de semi
Fin du printemps
Période de floraison
Septembre
Reproduction
Semis
Hauteur
1,5 mètre
Type biologique
Bisannuelle
Type de feuillage
Persistant
Période de récolte
4 à 5 mois après semis

Classification de la plante

Règne
Plantae
Sous-règne
Tracheobionta
Division
Magnoliophyta
Classe
Magnoliopsida
Sous-classe
Asteridae
Ordre
Asterales
Famille
Astéracées

Un cousin de l'artichaut

Proche de l’artichaut, le cardon, appartenant à la famille des Astéracées, provient sans doute d’une variation de la même espèce originaire du bassin méditerranéen. Le cardon possède des feuilles plus grandes, plus ou moins épineuses. Au Moyen-Âge, il était très cultivé en Europe. Sa culture vous demandera 4 à 5 mois de patience.

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La nervure principale et le pétiole charnu sont les parties qui feront le bonheur des gastronomes, de par leur comestibilité. En effet, les côtes blanchies des feuilles centrales se consomment cuites, et vous pouvez les accommoder par exemple à la sauce blanche : un délice !

Comment cultiver et récolter vos cardons ?

Et maintenant, vous désirez surement savoir comment planter des cardons dans votre jardin. Tout d’abord, semez à la fin du printemps pour éviter des montées en graines anticipées. Préférez un sol fertile. La culture du cardon se fait sur poquets : creusez un trou d’une trentaine de centimètres de côté et de profondeur, et remplissez-le d’un tiers de terre et de deux tiers de compost ou terreau, semez dans chaque trou trois graines, puis arrosez. Après la levée, il vaut mieux que vous conserviez seulement le plus beau plant de chaque poquet, afin de vous faciliter la future récolte. La croissance se fait lentement durant les premières semaines qui suivent la levée des graines, mais ne vous inquiétez pas, elle devient très vigoureuse en arrière-saison. Petit conseil : préférez les variétés de cardons dites « inermes », c’est-à-dire sans épines, car les autres sont plus difficiles et plus dangereuses à manipuler.

Du potager à votre assiette...

Une fois vos cardons récoltés, il ne vous reste plus qu’à les préparer pour pouvoir les amener jusqu’à votre assiette. Vous pouvez les blanchir à partir de septembre pour les rendre propres à la consommation. Comment réaliser cette action ? C’est tout simple ! Relevez les feuilles, assemblez-les en fagots en les attachant sans les serrer, et protégez-les de la lumière afin qu'ils blanchissent. Attention, ne réalisez ce traitement qu’au fur et à mesure de vos besoins, car les parties blanches pourrissent très vite.

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