Tomates marmandes (Solanum lycopersicum)

Publié samedi 09 mai 2015 Commenter 102
Tomates marmandes

Sommaire

Tomates marmandes : en bref

Nom scientifique
Solanum lycopersicum
Provenance / Origine
Amérique du sud
Période de semi
Février-Avril
Période de floraison
Juin-Août
Couleur de floraison
Jaune
Température
Assez chaude
Exposition à la lumière
Soleil
Reproduction
Semis
Hauteur
1 m à 1,5 m
Acidité du sol
Basique
Entretien
Tuteurer, tailler les gourmands
Type biologique
Annuelle
Maladies
Mosaïque, Verticillose
Type de feuillage
Caduc
Insectes et animaux ravageurs
Pucerons, aleurodes, araignées rouges
Période de récolte
Août

Classification de la plante

Règne
Plantae
Sous-règne
Tracheobionta
Division
Magnoliophyta
Classe
Magnoliopsida
Sous-classe
Asteridae
Ordre
Solanales
Famille
Solanacées

La variété Marmande

La variété Marmande est une variété traditionnelle de tomates. Comme la variété Fadango, elle existe sous forme hâtive. La récolte a lieu environ 60 jours après plantation. Contrairement à des variétés hybrides et productives, comme la variété Pyros par exemple, elle est réputée pour son goût plus fin et plus prononcé. Elle est en revanche moins résistante à des maladies comme le mildiou.

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La variété Marmande produit des tomates côtelées, un peu aplaties, réputées pour la saveur de leur chair. Elle peut se préparer farcie, car elle est de taille plutôt importante (150 g à 200 g). Elle supporte bien la cuisson.

Cultiver la tomate Marmande

Semez sous abri d'avril à mai. Choisissez une terre riche, que vous aurez préalablement affinée, à l'aide d'une griffe par exemple.

La plantation des tomates est assez simple à réaliser, mais demande quelques manipulations. Le premier repiquage a lieu lorsque les plants présentent 3 ou 4 feuilles. Maintenez-les toujours sous abri. Attention : veillez, durant l'opération, à ne pas toucher les tiges, ce qui nuirait au développement racinaire.

Le deuxième repiquage, ou la plantation des jeunes pieds si vous les achetez directement, se fait fin mai à début juin. Les pieds se plantent à 50 cm les uns des autres, en toutes directions. Attachez chaque pied à un tuteur solide, suffisamment haut, c'est-à-dire au moins 1,5 m. Attention, ne plantez pas vos tomates trop tôt. Si le temps est mauvais, attendez un peu.

Astuce : lors de la plantation, vous pouvez disposer le jeune plant couché en biais dans le trou. Ainsi, vous enterrez une partie de la tige, ce qui permettra au plant de tomate de multiplier ses racines. Vous obtiendrez, à la fin, une meilleure production.

La récolte a lieu dès le mois d'août, jusqu'au mois d'octobre. Si vous souhaitez obtenir des fruits plus précocement, vous pouvez effectuer votre semis en intérieur dès février.

Astuce : la tomate apprécie l'association avec les plantes aromatiques.

Les vertus de la tomate Marmande

La tomate Marmande est riche en vitamine C et en lycopène, qui est une substance anti-oxydante. Ces éléments constituent son atout nutritionnel majeur. Leurs effets bénéfiques pour la santé sont prouvés.

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