Escallonia (Escallonia)

Publié mercredi 06 août 2014 Commenter 31
bigemrg - Fotolia.com

Sommaire

Escallonia : en bref

Nom scientifique
Escallonia
Provenance / Origine
Chili
Période de semi
toute l'année (mieux en automne)
Période de floraison
été
Couleur de floraison
rose, rouge
Température
min -10°C
Reproduction
Bouturage
Composition du sol
Terre riche
Hauteur
1,2 à 2m
Entretien
taille, arrosage
Type biologique
semi-persistant

Classification de la plante

Règne
Plantae
Sous-règne
Tracheobionta
Division
Magnoliophyta
Classe
Magnoliopsida
Sous-classe
Rosidae
Ordre
Rosales
Famille
Saxifragacées

Un arbuste aux fleurs roses ou rouges pétillantes!

Les Escallonias viennent de la Cordillère des Andes, au Chili. Leur nom vient de l'Espagnol Escallon, qui en découvrit la première espèce. Ils furent introduits au milieu du XIXème siècle en Europe. Ce sont des plantes qui ont été abondamment hybridées, et la variété mère n’est plus guère cultivée de nos jours. Le nombre des variétés qui existe aujourd’hui confirme le succès de cette belle plante, les plus connues étant la variété C.F. Ball (fleurs rouge carmin de petite taille), Donard Seedling (fleurs roses) et Langleyensis (fleurs rose vif). C’est un arbuste semi-persistant à port souple et à végétation assez dense, dont vous pouvez admirer le feuillage vert brillant. Sa floraison se fait en début d’été : des grappes abondantes de fleurs roses à rouges se développent à l’extrémité des pousses.

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Ces plantes sont cultivées surtout dans le midi et dans l’ouest de la France, mais vous pouvez aussi les planter en région parisienne et même au-delà, en prenant soin de choisir une situation abritée, par exemple le long de murs contre lesquels on peut les palisser. Elles sont parfaites pour faire de belles haies, allant de 1,20m à 2m de hauteur, mais vous pouvez aussi les planter en isolé ou les associer avec d’autres arbustes. Leur croissance est assez rapide !

Comment le cultiver et l'entretenir?

Vous pouvez planter vos Escallonias toute l’année, en évitant tout de même les périodes de gel. Cependant, on choisit généralement l’automne pour favoriser son enracinement. Veillez à ce qu’ils ne manquent pas d’eau dans les premiers temps. Pour les planter, préférez une terre riche : tous les sols sains leur conviennent, et ils supportent même une terre un peu calcaire. Choisissez une exposition chaude : en effet, cette plante est peu rustique, et ne supporte donc que faiblement le froid (pas moins de -10°C !). Espacez vos plants de 60 à 80cm, et mélangez votre terre de jardin à du terreau.

Leur entretien est assez facile ! Pensez à les arroser régulièrement : une fois par semaine est une bonne fréquence. La taille se réalise seulement en fin de floraison. Afin de conserver leur port harmonieux et équilibré, coupez la pointe des rameaux qui dépassent de manière à obtenir la silhouette voulue. Pour les multiplier, utilisez le bouturage.

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Great decoration for gardens. Thanks for sharing. Trees
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