L'ail rocambole (Allium scorodoprasum)

Publié dimanche 16 novembre 2014 Commenter 63
L'ail rocambole

Sommaire

L'ail rocambole : en bref

Nom scientifique
Allium scorodoprasum
Provenance / Origine
Europe, Caucase et Moyen-Orient
Période de semi
Printemps
Période de floraison
Juin-juillet
Composition du sol
Sols légers
Hauteur
40 à 80 cm
Maladies
Graisse, mildiou, rouille
Insectes et animaux ravageurs
Teigne, nématodes, anguillules, etc.

Classification de la plante

Règne
Plantae
Sous-règne
Tracheobionta
Division
Magnoliophyta
Classe
Liliopsida
Sous-classe
Liliidae
Famille
Liliaceae

L'ail rocambole ou "ail poireau"

L'ail rocambole, allium scorodoprasum en latin signifie "ail poireau". En effet, il était déjà consommé sous l'Antiquité et portait ce nom du fait de son apparence. Aujourd'hui, il est également appelé ail d'Espagne ou échalote d'Espagne. Il est présent de manière naturelle dans les champs et terrains sableux dans toute l'Europe, au Caucase et au Moyen-Orient. Cette plante supporte jusqu'à 1200 m d'altitude dans les Alpes.

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Ses tiges sont plus hautes que celles de l'ail ordinaire. Elles ont une hauteur moyenne de 80 cm. Elles se vrillent en cours de la croissance et ne portent pas de fleurs mais des bulbilles charnues aux caïeux renflés, qui en font sa particularité.

Comment cultiver l'ail rocambole ?

L'ai rocambole aime les sols légers et les climats doux. Évitez les sols argileux et humides et n'apportez pas de fumures organiques fraîches.

L'ail rocambole se cultive de la même manière que l'ail commun : les caïeux de la périphérie du bulbe sont utilisés pour la prochaine culture. Plantez ces caïeux d'ail rocambole en fin d'hiver (février ou mars) ou à l'automne (octobre ou novembre). Espacez vos pieds de 15 cm et les rangs de 25 cm. Enfoncez bien les caïeux pour éviter qu'ils ne remontent lors de la poussée des racines. Il est également possible de multiplier vos plantes en plantant de la même façon les bulbilles produites au sommet des hampes florales.

Pensez à faire des rotations de culture : l'ail rocambole ne peut revenir à la même place qu'une fois tous les 3 ou 4 ans. L'ail rocambole est sensible aux mêmes maladies et parasites que l'ail commun : graisse, mildiou, rouille, teigne, nématodes, anguillules, etc., mais demeure plus résistant que ce dernier.

La récolte de l'ail rocambole

Si vous choisissez de les planter en fin d'hiver, votre récolte sera prête 4 à 5 mois plus tard. Dans le second cas, vous pourrez récolter votre ail 9 mois plus tard. Récoltez votre ail lorsque les feuilles commencent à jaunir, c'est à dire lorsque les plantes ont terminé leur cycle végétatif. Arrachez les bulbes et laissez les quelques jours sur le sol, à l'ombre pour qu'ils sèchent. Conservez-les dans un endroit sain, sec et aéré. Vous pouvez, comme pour l'ail commun, former des bottes ou des chapelets à suspendre.

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