Coquelicot (Papaver rhoeas)

Publié lundi 28 janvier 2013 Commenter 53
Coquelicot

Sommaire

Coquelicot : en bref

Nom scientifique
Papaver rhoeas
Provenance / Origine
Sud Est de l'Europe, Asie tempérée
Période de semi
Mars, avril
Période de floraison
Mai à juillet
Couleur de floraison
Rouge écarlate
Température
Rustique jusqu'à -20°C
Exposition à la lumière
Forte
Composition du sol
Tous mais drainants
Hauteur
0,2 à 1m
Acidité du sol
Neutre à légèrement calcaire
Entretien
Eclaircir après la montée des semis
Type biologique
Annuelle
Maladies
Nécrose, oïdium
Insectes et animaux ravageurs
Pucerons

Classification de la plante

Règne
Plantae
Sous-règne
Tracheobionta
Division
Magnoliophyta
Classe
Magnoliopsida
Sous-classe
Magnoliidae
Ordre
Papaverales
Famille
Papaveraceae

L'habitant disparu des champs de blé

Le coquelicot, sensible aux herbicides, a peu à peu déserté les champs de blés qu'il envahissait jadis, ainsi que nos fossés et talus de campagne malgré son aisance naturelle à se ressemer d'année en année. Mais cette fleur rouge écarlaten, qui enflamme la terre tout l'été, trouve par là un regain d'intérêt au jardin d'ornement, et l'introduire sur vos plate-bandes sera un bel hommage à la flore des campagnes d'autrefois. Si vous souhaitez variez les plaisirs, il existe des cultivars de couleurs blanches, roses, oranges ou bicolores.


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Le coquelicot pousse bien sur les sols drainants, et pour cette raison il pourra être intéressant de retourner la terre avant le semis si votre terre est argileuse, mais cette plante n'est pas difficile quant à la richesse du substrat. Il pousse en sol neutre ou légèrement calcaire. Les fortes gelées n'empècheront pas, à priori, le développement des semis d'automne.


Le semis se réalise en septembre ou mars à la volée mais une fois installé, inutile de se tracasser, le coquelicot s'auto-entretien très bien de lui même en semant ses propres graines.


De nombreux usages médicinaux

Au milieu de la capsule aux ornements semblables à des gravures mystiques se cachent les graines du coquelicot. Ces petites billes noires ont des effets étonnants qu'on retrouve fréquement chez les membres du genre papaver dont le représentant le plus éminant est P. Somniferum. L'extrait de sève issu des capsules a des effets soporifiques, diminuent la douleur ainsi que la tension nerveuse et favorise le toussement lors des infections respiratoires (propriété expectorante). A la différence de l'opium, cet extrait n'est pas addictif. On utilise aussi les graines pour donner du goût aux pains, gateaux et salades de fruit et, bien que la plante contienne beaucoup d'alcaloïdes toxiques pour l'homme, il sont absent des graines. Les feuilles, quant à elles peuvent être employées pour des salades ou cuites comme des épinards si elles sont récoltées avant la formation du bouton floral mais n'en abusez pas par mesure de précaution.


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