Les primevères (Primula)

Publié mercredi 11 février 2015 Commenter 41
Primevère

Sommaire

Les primevères : en bref

Nom scientifique
Primula
Provenance / Origine
Hémisphère nord
Période de semi
Mai
Période de floraison
Février-mai
Couleur de floraison
Blanc, rose, mauve, jaune, bleu, pourpre, noir, orange, multicolore
Température
Jusqu'à -20°C en hiver
Exposition à la lumière
Mi-ombragée
Reproduction
Semis, bouturage, division
Hauteur
10 à 30cm
Acidité du sol
Acide
Entretien
Lutte contre les lmaces
Type biologique
Vivace
Maladies
Virus
Type de feuillage
Persistant
Insectes et animaux ravageurs
Pucerons, Cicadelles, Araignées rouges, Limaces, Otiorhynques, Botrytis

Classification de la plante

Règne
Plantae
Sous-règne
Tracheobionta
Division
Magnoliophyta
Classe
Magnoliopsida
Sous-classe
Dilleniidae
Ordre
Ericales
Famille
Primulacées

L'une des premières à fleurir

La primevère est une jolie fleur vivace qui existe sous de très nombreux coloris. Elle fleurit tôt dans l'année et décore les jardins. Sa floraison dure longtemps, et la primevère réclame peu d'entretien. Ses feuilles duveteuses sont, elles aussi, décoratives.

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Il existe de très nombreuses espèces de primevères, environ 500, adaptées à différents milieux : les espaces boisés, les zones humides près des bassins, les jardins rocailleux, etc. Certaines espèces se cultivent même en intérieur, comme la "primula abconica" ou la "primula malacoïde". Les espèces se distinguent aussi par la période de leur floraison, certaines étant plus tardives (été, automne).

Comment planter et cultiver les primevères ?

Vous trouverez souvent les primevères sous forme de jeunes plants, en pot. Plantez-les alors en automne ou en hiver. Préférez un sol riche, suffisamment drainé, à l'abri de la lumière directe. Si votre sol est calcaire, choisissez une espèce adaptée.

A partir de graines, il est conseillé de planter dès mars. Cela vous permettra de repiquer vos jeunes plants à l'automne.

Par la suite, veillez à maintenir un sol humide en extérieur. A l'intérieur, la terre doit rester bien drainée, car un excès d'humidité est plus à craindre. Pour cela, vous pouvez disposer la terre sur un lit de graviers.

En hiver, vos primevères supporteront le gel. Pour les aider, vous pouvez réaliser un paillage. Certaines espèces fragiles, cependant, demandent à être rentrées.

Bon à savoir

Les primevères sont faciles à multiplier. Les touffes de primevères peuvent être divisées après floraison.

Si les primevères sont des plantes assez peu exigeantes, il est possible toutefois, pour améliorer la floraison, de réaliser un amendement organique, avec par exemple des algues ou du fumier.

Astuce : si des limaces attaquent vos fleurs, vous pouvez utiliser des cendres de cheminée pour les faire fuir.

Le saviez-vous ? La primevère se consomme, et contient des vitamines. On mange les fleurs, ainsi que les jeunes feuilles. Attention toutefois aux allergies.

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