Shiitake (Lentinus edodes)

Publié lundi 10 novembre 2014 Commenter 88
Shiitake

Sommaire

Shiitake : en bref

Nom scientifique
Lentinus edodes
Provenance / Origine
Asie
Période de semi
Hiver, printemps
Température
Entre 15 et 22 °C
Exposition à la lumière
Ombre
Composition du sol
Bois
Hauteur
10 cm
Acidité du sol
Neutre
Type biologique
Vivace

Classification de la plante

Règne
Fungi
Famille
Marasmiacées

Le shiitake, qu'est-ce ?

Le shiitake, aussi connu sous les noms de Lentin comestible ou Lentin du chêne, est le deuxième champignon le plus cultivé au monde. Il est utilisé comme aliment traditionnel en Chine depuis des siècles.

Le shiitake possède un chapeau à lamelles claires. Le chapeau prend une couleur qui varie du crème au brun-roux. Le pied est clair, cylindrique et ferme et peut porter un anneau blanc.

Où le trouver ?

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Ce champignon s'est répandu en France, sous forme fraîche, voire séchée dans les épiceries asiatiques. Si vous choisissez la forme séchée, prévoyez un trempage d'une heure avant utilisation.

Lorsque vous trouvez ce champignon sous forme fraîche, vous pouvez le conserver. Procédez comme pour la conservation des cèpes.

Pourquoi le consommer ?

Outre son goût agréable, délicat et original, le shiitake possède de nombreuses vertus nutritionnelles. Il est réputé pour être un vrai aliment santé.

Source de fibres, le shiitake présente des teneurs élevées en vitamines B2, B5 et PP, ainsi qu'en cuivre et en sélénium. Il renferme, de plus, des composés qui stimuleraient l'immunité : par exemple, le lentinane, un sucre qui aurait des propriétés contre le cancer. Il serait aussi fortifiant, et aurait des bénéfices sur le système nerveux. Pour ces raisons, le shiitake peut aussi se trouver en gélules, sous forme de compléments alimentaires.

Si vous souhaitez cultiver le shiitake chez vous, il vous faudra vous procurer un kit de culture. Comme pour la création d'une truffière, il vous faudra veiller à ne pas abîmer le mycélium, qui est la partie souterraine. Six semaines après, vous pourrez récolter.

Des propriétés anti-vieillissement et anti-microbiennes

Le shiitake est riche en lentinane. Ce sucre complexe présente une activité anti-cancéreuse. Il est utilisé comme adjuvant dans des traitements contre le cancer, notamment le cancer du colon. En stimulant le système immunitaire, il aiderait à prévenir la formation de cellules tumorales.

Le shiitake présente, par ailleurs, des propriétés antimicrobiennes et antifongiques. Un plus pour les amateurs de ce champignon !

Enfin, le shiitake aide au maintien du bon cholestérol : il est hypolipidémiant et hypocholestérolémiant.

Attention, prudence

Dans de rares cas, le shiitake peut provoquer des réactions immunitaires (éruptions cutanées). Il convient donc d'être prudent au début. Astuce : mieux vaut le consommer bien cuit, pour diminuer les risques !

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