Le Drageonnage

Publié jeudi 21 février 2013 Commenter 51
Drageonnage

Sommaire

Une forme de multiplication

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En milieu naturel, le drageonnage est un phénomène que l'on peut rencontrer spontanément chez certaines plantes, comme le framboisier. C'est une forme de multiplication dite végétative ou asexuée, remarquablement efficace. Considérez donc un instant le nombre de rejets qu'un pied de framboisier peut faire en une saison dans votre jardin, et le massif touffu que plusieurs pieds peuvent constituer au bout de quelques années sans entretien. Une jungle miniature !

Le drageon est un organe spécifique mis en place par la plante dans le cadre de la multiplication végétative. Il s'agit d'une pousse aérienne issue d'une racine très traçante. La racine a de nombreux yeux dormants sur sa longueur, capables d'éclore et de pointer leurs feuilles hors de terre au moment adéquat. Une nouvelle plante se développe ainsi, rattachée à la plante mère par les racines. Mais rapidement, en se grandissant, le nouveau pied est indépendant de la plante émettrice de drageons.

Parce que les drageons sont justement des racines, il est difficile de contenir l'expansion d'une plante se reproduisant de cette façon, car vous ne pouvez pas localiser les organes souterrains. Vous pouvez toujours retourner la terre et les couper, mais cela n'a qu'un temps, car les drageons repartiront tôt ou tard, ils sont très vigoureuses.

Vous ne pouvez pas vraiment copier artificiellement ce mode de reproduction, tout au plus le déclencher si vous coupez à ras le pied mère.

Plantes concernées

Outre le framboisier déjà cité, l'ananas, les arbres fruitiers, le lilas et le noisetier peuvent mettre en place des drageons. C'est pour cette raison précisément qu'il est déconseillé de repiquer des jeunes arbustes drageonnants de lilas par exemple ailleurs dans votre jardin qu'à l'emplacement initial, car vous risquez d'être envahi ! Mais si c'est votre objectif, libre à vous d'agir.

Conseils de repiquage

Pour l'Ananas, les drageons apparaissent à la base du fruit, sous forme de touffes de feuilles. Coupez ces touffes avec couteau tranchant, trempez les lésions occasionnées aux feuilles dans une substance fongicide, laissez sécher quelques jours puis mettez en terre dans un mélange contenant au moins un tiers de sable, après avoir détaché les feuilles les plus basses des touffes. Une fois les racines apparues, le rempotage possible.

 

Pour les drageons issus d'arbres fruitiers par exemple, plus rares, ils sont à séparer avec délicatesse du pied principal, une fois leurs racines et leur partie aérienne bien développées. Vous pouvez alors les repiquer dans une terre préalablement bêchée, enrichie en fumier ou en compost bien mûr, et ratissée. Le jeune plant a tendance à émettre beaucoup de rejets latéraux qu'il faut supprimer au fur-et-à mesure, afin de privilégier la croissance d'un axe principal qui deviendra le futur tronc.

Pour trouver des drageons vous pouvez consulter des sites de petites annonces comme aupetitpotager.fr

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