Clivia (Clivia miniata)

Publié jeudi 17 janvier 2013 Commenter 75
Clivia

Sommaire

Clivia : en bref

Nom scientifique
Clivia miniata
Provenance / Origine
Afrique du Sud
Période de semi
Reproduction par semis non usuelle
Période de floraison
Mars à octobre
Couleur de floraison
Orange, avec un dégradé tirant sur le jaune et le blanc à la base des pétales. Il esiste une espèce jaune très rare.
Température
En été, de 18 à 20°C. En hiver, de 10 à 15°C.
Exposition à la lumière
Lumière vive, mais pas de soleil direct
Reproduction
Sexuée, mais procurez-vous un Clivia en pot.
Hauteur
50 cm environ
Acidité du sol
Neutre
Entretien
Arrosage modéré et hivernage nécessaire
Type biologique
Vivace
Maladies
Toutes les maladies pouvant toucher les plantes d'intérieur, la cochenille par exemple
Type de feuillage
Persistant
Insectes et animaux ravageurs
Cochenille

Classification de la plante

Règne
Plantae
Sous-règne
Tracheobionta
Division
Magnoliophyta
Classe
Liliopsida
Sous-classe
Liliidae
Ordre
Liliales
Famille
Liliaceae

Arrosage parcimonieux requis

Il ne faut pas trop arroser le Clivia et attendre que la terre du pot soit sèche avant tout nouvel apport d'eau durant la période de floraison. Sinon, vous risquez de faire pourrir la base de votre plante. Apportez également de l'engrais pour plantes à fleurs toutes les deux semaines entre mai et août. A la fin de la floraison, en octobre, coupez les hampes florales fanées, diminuez les arrosages et placez la plante au frais en hivernage, durant tout le temps où elle ne produit ni fleurs, ni nouvelles feuilles. Pour bien préparer la floraison de l'année suivante, réaugmentez l'apport d'eau et la température dès que la hampe florale suivante apparaît parmi les feuilles. Mais laissez bien la terre à sec tant que cette hampe florale n'a pas pointé son nez! C'est indispensable pour la refloraison, et ne vous inquiétez pas, ce stress hydrique forcé n'est pas néfaste à la plante.

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Evitez par exemple de placer la plante juste derrière une fenêtre, mais préférez une pièce bien lumineuse. Vous pouvez installer la plante dans le jardin en été, en la plaçant à mi-ombre, en vous arrangeant par exemple pour que le feuillage d'un arbre lui tamise les rayons du soleil.  Vous l'aurez compris, c'est une plante à garder en pot à l'intérieur. Mais ne la mettez pas dans une pièce trop chauffée en hiver. Ce cycle chaud/frais est essentiel à respecter pour profiter d'une belle floraison.

Populaire à travers le monde entier

Le Clivia est une plante tropicale résistante à floraison fournie. Les fleurs sont regroupées en ombelles de 10 à 20 unités au sommet de la hampe. La variété jaune rarissime fut vendue à des prix exorbitants à des collectionneurs lorsqu'elle fut rapportée, puis fut utilisée dans des croisements variétaux. Les Clivias sont de proches parents des Amaryllis, aussi bien connus comme plantes d'intérieur pour leurs grosses fleurs aux couleurs variées. Mais, contrairement aux Amaryllis, le Clivia n'est pas une plante à bulbe. Mais attention, tous deux sont toxiques!

La facilité de culture du Clivia en a fait une plante reine des jardins d'hiver dès qu'elle fut rapportée sous nos latitudes au XIXème siècle. Son succès a poussé les horticulteurs à effectuer des croisements, avec l'espèce jaune par exemple, afin d'obtenir une gamme de coloris plus étendue, qui comprend maintenant des fleurs ivoire, pêche et tirant sur le rouge.


Il n'y a pas qu'en Europe que les Clivias séduisent, leur culture s'est également bien développée en Chine et au Japon, où les horticulteurs ont même développé des variétés miniaturisées.

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