Taille d'un citronnier

Publié dimanche 27 septembre 2015 Commenter 75
Citronnier en fructification

Sommaire

Le citronnier est un arbre dont les fruits appartiennent à la famille des agrumes. Les agrumes sont des espèces qui peuvent se tailler relativement facilement. Les tailles ne sont pas très différentes entre les citronniers et les orangers par exemple.

Les citronniers se caractérisent par un tronc relativement petit. En effet, l’embranchement se situe à 70 cm voire 1 m maximum. Nous définirons ici les techniques de taille de formation de l’arbre puis la taille de fructification pour une production maximale.

La taille de formation

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La taille de formation peut se réaliser en plusieurs étapes :

  • Choisissez 3 branches inclinées de 60 degrés par rapport à l’axe vertical principal de la plante. Si l’angle des branches n’est pas adéquat, vous pouvez exercer une légère torsion en faisant pivoter l’axe des rameaux pour casser certaines fibres ligneuses.
  • Pour la conduite de formation de l’arbre, attachez-vous à supprimer tous les bourgeons de ces 3 branches qui se situent vers l’intérieur de l’arbre.

En respectant ces conseils, votre citronnier prendra au fur et à mesure et naturellement une forme de feuillage en globe. De cette manière et au sein d’une haie fruitière, le citronnier utilisera la place qui lui est attribuée au maximum avec un feuillage qui descend jusqu’au sol.

La taille de fructification

Chez les agrumes et notamment ici chez le citronnier, les fruits se développent uniquement chez les rameaux d’un an. C’est au début de la reprise végétative en fin d’hiver que la différenciation des bourgeons a lieu. Du fait que les agrumes aient tendance à mettre en place une quantité très importante de rameaux, il n’y a pas de difficultés particulières dans les étapes de taille de fructification.

La taille de fructification est en fait une taille d’éclaircissement. Il est important de réaliser ces travaux d’éclaircissement chaque année de manière à éviter d’avoir une quantité de bois trop importante et un port déséquilibré de l’arbre. Ces travaux de taille de fructification sont à faire à la fin de la cueillette des citrons et avant la reprise de la végétation. Il existe cependant une exception chez les citronniers qui sont des variétés remontantes où la taille est effectuée avant la cueillette.

L’éclaircissement consiste à ôter les branches sèches. Pour ce, procédez à des coupes de restauration franches mais bien choisies sur la partie basale de l’arbre. Au centre de l’arbre, l’intérieur du feuillage doit être éclairci tout comme la cime de l’arbre ; ici la taille doit se traduire par des coupes légères mais nombreuses.

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