Le jasmin étoilé (trachelospermum)

Publié mercredi 28 août 2013 Commenter 93
Fleurs de jasmin blanche

Sommaire

Le jasmin étoilé : en bref

Nom scientifique
trachelospermum
Provenance / Origine
sud-et asiatique en zone subtropicale
Période de semi
printemps
Période de floraison
juin-octobre
Couleur de floraison
blanche
Température
supérieur à -15°C
Exposition à la lumière
ensoleillé
Reproduction
bouturage ou marcottage de rameaux au printemps
Hauteur
3 à 4m
Acidité du sol
neutre
Entretien
tailler au printemps, arroser en été, hivernage sous abris lumineux et chauffé (5°C)
Type biologique
vivace
Maladies
aucune notable
Type de feuillage
persistant
Insectes et animaux ravageurs
pas d'espèces notables

Classification de la plante

Sous-règne
Tracheobionta
Division
Angiosperme
Classe
Dicotylédones
Sous-classe
Asteridae
Ordre
Gentianales
Famille
apocynacées

Le trachelospermum ou jasmin étoilé (T.jasminoides) est une liane grimpante dont les fleurs ont une odeur proche de celle du jasmin. Vous pouvez reproduire vos plants de plusieurs manières différentes.

Marcottage aérien ou marcottage en crosse

Le marcottage se fait spontanément au printemps mais vous pouvez le réaliser artificiellement si vous voulez dupliquer vos plants.

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Pour réaliser un marcottage aérien, il vous faut décortiquer un anneau de 2,5 cm de large à environ 50 cm de l’extrémité du rameau. Entourez alors la zone dénudée et les deux portions adjacentes d’un manchon de tourbe et de sphaigne humide que vous pouvez maintenir par un film de polyéthylène fixé sur la tige.

Il faut que le tout soit hermétique pour éviter le dessèchement. Vous pouvez réaliser ce type de marcottage à n’importe quelle saison mais il faut savoir que l’enracinement prend en général de 6 à 18 mois.

Le marcottage en crosse, quant à lui, se réalise en mars sur les rameaux inférieurs produits l’année précédente.

Vous devez enterrer la partie médiane du rameau. Pour cela vous pouvez fixer la crosse à un crochet enterré et maintenir l’extrémité du rameau par un tuteur. Il est conseillé de biner au pied du rameau afin d’en recouvrir la majeur partie. Comme les rameaux sont très souples, il est possible de faire une succession de crosses sur un même rameau.

Technique de bouturage

De même le bouturage de rameaux, bien que naturel au printemps, peut se faire de manière volontaire.

Tout d’abord il vous faut prélever la bouture sur la plante mère. Faites-le de préférence avec un petit greffoir ou avec un couteau que vous aurez désinfecté au préalable.

Procédez ensuite à l’habillage de la bouture : avant tout autre chose il faut diminuer la transpiration du rameau en réduisant la surface foliaire et en dégageant la tige. Vous pouvez ensuite tremper la tige dans l’eau et dès l’apparition des premières racines, rempoter le rameau dans un mélange de terreau et de sable. Il faut alors placer seulement un tiers du rameau dans la terre (environ 5cm).

Il ne vous reste plus qu’à surveiller régulièrement, dans les premiers temps, que l’humidité et la température soient correctes.

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