Asperge (Asparagus officinalis)

Publié lundi 04 février 2013 Commenter 43
Asperge

Sommaire

Asperge : en bref

Nom scientifique
Asparagus officinalis
Provenance / Origine
milieu sableux de nos régions tempérées
Période de semi
plantation des griffes en Mars
Couleur de floraison
vert
Température
tous climats
Exposition à la lumière
soleil
Reproduction
par griffes (racines munies de bourgeons)
Hauteur
1,30 m
Acidité du sol
éviter les sols acides
Entretien
traveaux de buttage et débuttage principalement
Type biologique
vivace
Maladies
touille
Insectes et animaux ravageurs
Criocères, Mouche de l'asperge

Classification de la plante

Règne
Plantae
Sous-règne
Tracheobionta
Division
Magnoliophyta
Classe
Liliopsida
Sous-classe
Liliidae
Ordre
Lamiales
Famille
Liliaceae

L’ aspergeraie

La culture de l’asperge est une culture atypique. Pendant les 2 premières années il ne faut pas espérer récolter quoi que ce soit. La production commence lors de la troisième année et elle peut durer 15 ans !

En revanche vous pouvez oublier la culture de l’asperge si votre terre est argileuse lourde ou caillouteuse ! C’est la légèreté du sol qui fait la réussite d’une aspergeraie. N’hésitez pas à y apporter du sable pour un meilleur drainage et une structure plus aérée. Dans une bonne terre, l’asperge est très rustique. Elle ne craint pas le froid. Evitez cependant les emplacements venteux.

La mise en culture de l’asperge

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La première année, préparez la terre et creusez des tranchées en automne de 25 cm de profondeur et espacées de 40 cm. Disposez du composte dans le creux des tranchées. Evitez le fumier qui entrainerait des pourritures. Vous pouvez planter les griffes (racines avec bourgeons) en Mars. Disposez-les pour cela dans la tranchée, sur un petit monticule de terre, à raison de une tous les 50 cm. Vous pouvez ensuite reboucher le fond de la tranchée de telle sorte que la griffe soit enterrée de 4 cm de profondeur.

La première année, il vous suffit d’arroser souvent et de sarcler la terre pour éviter qu’elle se tasse. Coupez les tiges en novembre. La deuxième année faites de même et rebouchez complètement la tranchée.

Enfin la troisième année et les premières récoltes ! Buttez les asperges sur 30 cm de hauteur. En fin avril récoltez les premières asperges. N’en prélevez pas trop de peur d’affaiblir les plants ! Pendant les années suivantes, vous pourrez récolter de plus en plus d’asperges sur une période de 1 à 2 mois. Veillez à butter les asperges en mars et à les débutter en novembre.

L’asperge, un met raffiné

L’asperge est très rafraichissante. C’est un légume très diététique à la saveur inimitable. Cuisez les 4 minutes dans l’eau bouillante et servez les tièdes. Pour en profiter toute l’année, vous pouvez essayer les conserves qui sont relativement difficiles à réaliser.

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Sélectionnez un emplacement ensoleillé avec un sol bien drainé connections. L'asperge prospère dans un sol riche en matière organique.
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L'aspergeraie est fascinante et surprenante, tout comme une conversation sur Omegle où des moments inattendus se produisent. La culture de l’asperge demande patience, avec une première récolte après trois ans, et elle prospère sur un sol léger. Pour réussir, assurez-vous d'améliorer le drainage de votre terre, car un sol trop lourd ne convient pas. Bien que rustique, l’asperge préfère des emplacements protégés du vent pour s’épanouir au mieux.
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