Pommes de terre douces

Publié mardi 12 février 2013 Commenter 36
patatedouce

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Pommes de terre douces : en bref

Période de semi
Avril-mai
Période de floraison
Eté
Couleur de floraison
Blanc ou violet
Température
20-30°C
Exposition à la lumière
Soleil
Reproduction
Bouturage
Composition du sol
Humifère, drainé, léger, profond
Acidité du sol
5-6,5
Entretien
Arrosage, sarclage, apports en potasse
Type biologique
Vivace
Maladies
Mildiou, oïdium, fusarium
Type de feuillage
Caduc
Insectes et animaux ravageurs
Charançon, chenille de lépidoptère

Classification de la plante

Règne
Plantae
Sous-règne
Tracheobionta
Division
Magnoliophyta
Classe
Magnoliopsida
Sous-classe
Asteridae
Ordre
Solanales
Famille
Convolvulaceae

La patate douce : un tubercule facile à cultiver

La patate douce (Ipomoea batatas) est une plante vivace aux feuilles caduques dont les tiges rampantes peuvent mesurer près de deux mètres de long. Originaire d’Amérique du sud, elle est cultivée pour son tubercule comestible et ses fleurs blanches ou violettes apparaissant en été sont rarement observables dans nos régions. La patate douce est adaptée au climat du sud de la France.

Une culture peu exigeante et à la multiplication facile

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Bien que préférant des sols humifères, profonds, frais et légèrement acides (pH de 5 à 6,5), la patate douce supporte les sols pauvres.

On plante les boutures au printemps, vers avril-mai, et la récolte s’effectue en septembre ou octobre quand le feuillage jaunit et que les températures sont plus basses.

Pour obtenir des boutures, placez dans un bocal contenant de l’eau une patate douce de manière à ce que la pointe soit vers le bas et que la moitié du tubercule soit immergée. Laissez ce bocal environ six semaines derrière une fenêtre. Vous verrez apparaitre des pousses sur la partie hors de l’eau et des racines sur la partie immergée. Lorsque les pousses ont au moins trois bourgeons et mesurent plus de trente centimètres, pincez-les puis placez-les à leur tour dans l’eau. Quand dix centimètres de racines sont formées sur les plantules, il est alors possible de les mettre en terre.

Préparez votre terrain en faisant des billons de 20 centimètres de haut, espacés de 60 centimètres minimum. Disposez alors vos plants tous les 30 centimètres, en les mettant en terre jusqu’aux deux tiers.

Des apports limités

L’arrosage doit être régulier mais sans excès. De plus, veuilles à ne pas verser l’eau sur les feuilles afin d’éviter le développement de certaines maladies. Il est fortement conseillé de ne pas faire d’apports en engrais azotés car ils favorisent le développement des feuilles au lieu de celui des tubercules.

Deux ou trois sarclages pourront être effectués en début de culture.

La patate douce est sensible au fusarium et à l’oïdium. De même, elle attire les nématodes qui causent des crevasses sans les tubercules, les charançons, et les chenilles de lépidoptère.

Lorsque vous récoltez, gardez les feuilles : elles peuvent être consommées de la même manière que les épinards !

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