Potiron (Cucurbita maxima)

Publié vendredi 01 février 2013 Commenter 61
potiron2

Sommaire

Potiron : en bref

Nom scientifique
Cucurbita maxima
Provenance / Origine
Amérique centrale et du sud
Période de semi
Mars-avril
Période de floraison
Eté
Couleur de floraison
Jaune
Température
Supérieure à 12°C
Exposition à la lumière
Soleil
Reproduction
Semis
Hauteur
20 à 50 cm
Acidité du sol
Neutre
Entretien
Apports de compost ou fumier, arrosage régulier
Type biologique
Annuel
Maladies
Oïdium, anthracnose
Type de feuillage
Caduc
Insectes et animaux ravageurs
Pucerons, chrysomèles

Classification de la plante

Règne
Plantae
Sous-règne
Tracheobionta
Division
Magnoliophyta
Classe
Magnoliopsida
Sous-classe
Dilleniidae
Ordre
Violales
Famille
Cucurbitaceae

Une plante potagère rapide et facile

Le potiron (Cucurbita maxima) est une plante potagère rampante annuelle originaire d’Amérique centrale et du Sud. En été apparaissent des fleurs jaunes, qui laisseront place à des fruits comestibles à maturité. Il se cultive facilement et peut avoir sa place dans tous les potagers de France, qu’importe la région.

Une culture uniquement par semis

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Le potiron aime les terrains humifères, légers et exposés au soleil. Si vous disposez de fumier, sachez qu’il  est possible d’y semer ces courges, ce qui donnera un aspect plus original à un tas généralement peu élégant !

La multiplication s’effectue uniquement par semis, et nécessite une température supérieure à 12°C. En godet, disposez trois graines par pot en mars ou avril puis, trois semaines après semis, repiquez la plantule la plus robuste. Cette opération est identique si vous semez en pleine terre, mais ne s’effectue pas avant le mois d’avril. Cette plante est rampante et nécessite beaucoup de place. Espacez chaque pied d’au moins 1,20 mètre lors du repiquage.

Lorsque le feuillage commence à flétrir, vers le mois d’octobre, il est alors possible de récolter.  Conservez vos potirons à plat dans un endroit sec et aéré, à une température entre 12 et 20°C.

Un entretien simple pour obtenir de beaux fruits

Le potiron aime les terrains riches. Des apports de compost ou de fumier lui seront bénéfiques.

De même, arrosez tous les jours jusqu’au mois de juin, puis paillez les pieds pour diminuer la fréquence d’arrosage. Bien que peu sensible aux maladies, le potiron peut développer de l’anthracnose ou l’oïdium si les feuilles sont mouillées. Pour éviter ce problème, ne mouillez pas les feuilles, et appliquez des fongicides de manière préventive.

Comestible, la qualité passe avant la quantité. Ne gardez au maximum que trois fruits par plant, et placez des planches de bois sous les fruits pour éviter qu’ils ne pourrissent en contact avec le sol. Pincer les pousses permettra de  conserver la vigueur du plant : la pousse principale doit être pincée au-dessus de la quatrième feuille, et ôtez celles au-dessus de chaque fruit.

Les pucerons et chrysomèles apprécient le potiron : n’hésitez pas à utiliser un insecticide spécifique s’ils envahissent vos plants.

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Le potiron, scientifiquement connu sous heardle le nom de Cucurbita maxima, est une plante potagère annuelle rampante originaire d'Amérique centrale et du Sud. Elle produit des fleurs jaunes en été, qui se transforment en fruits comestibles à maturité.
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