Planter un cassissier

Publié samedi 28 décembre 2013 Commenter 68
Le cassissier et ses fruits

Sommaire

Le cassissier est un arbuste fruitier originaire d’Europe du nord. Ses fruits acidulés sont consommés nature, en confiture, jus, liqueur ou sirop. Le cassissier peut être cultivé dans toute la France et donner jusqu’à 3kg de fruits.

Les variétés de cassissiers

Il existe différentes variétés de cassissiers, chacune ayant ses propres caractéristiques :

  • "Andega" est une variété obtenue par l’INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique) présentant de nombreuses qualités. Ses fruits, de grosse taille, sont fermes et présentent un goût acidulé marqué. Ils se récoltent au mois de juillet. L’arbre est auto-fertile, vigoureux et très productif. De plus, il est résistant à l’oïdium (champignon).
  • La variété "Noir de Bourgogne" est très intéressante également du fait de sa vigueur et de sa productivité. Les fruits qu’elle donne, en juillet, ont beaucoup d’arômes et sont utilisés pour faire des liqueurs. Cette variété n’étant pas auto-fertile, il est conseillé de la planter avec les variétés "Andega", "Royal de Naples" ou "Géant de Boskoop". Cette dernière est une variété tardive.
  • "Black Down" est une variété à fruits fermes très utilisés en pâtisserie.
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    Il est également possible de choisir la caseille, hybride entre le cassis et la groseille. Ses fruits sont de grosse taille et ont une saveur douce.

    La plantation

    Le cassissier se plante à un endroit sec et peu ensoleillé où le sol est bien drainé. Evitez cependant les sols calcaires. La plantation peut se faire de novembre à mars. Pour cela, faites un trou dans lequel vous ajoutez du compost. Avant de mettre votre plant en terre, imbibez la motte d’eau. Une fois la mise en terre faite, arrosez généreusement. Si vous choisissez de planter sur deux rangs, il faut mettre les plants en quiconce.

    Il est également possible de faire des semis de cassissiers en plantant les pépins ou de le multiplier par bouture en automne.

    L’entretien

    Les variétés non résistantes devront être traitées contre l’oïdium. Le cassissier est très sensible aux attaques de pucerons. Une des stratégies à suivre est de planter des capucines à proximité : ces fleurs sont des pièges à pucerons. Sinon, il faudra effectuer un traitement anti-pucerons en cas d’attaque.

    En automne, il est conseillé d’enlever les feuilles mortes et de mettre du compost pour la période hivernale. Un paillage est recommandé au mois de mai. Le cassissier peut être taillé en janvier pour éliminer les rameaux âgés et peu fructifères. Cette période est idéale pour rabattre les tiges au niveau du sol en laissant deux yeux. L’arrosage du cassissier doit être fait uniquement lorsque le temps est sec tandis que le désherbage doit être effectué régulièrement.

    La récolte

    La récolte de cassis se fait de juin à septembre suivant la variété. Les fruits doivent être consommés ou utilisés en cuisine rapidement.

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